Protecting Plants from Extreme Heat in the Summer – 2023
As the scorching summer sun beats down, plants face the challenges of extreme heat and dehydration. Just like humans, plants can suffer from heat stress, leading to wilting, sunburn, and even death if not properly cared for. However, with some proactive measures and a little extra attention, we can help our plants thrive during the hottest months of the year. In this blog post, we will explore effective strategies for protecting plants from extreme heat in the summer.
1 – Choose Heat-Tolerant Plants
One of the first steps in safeguarding plants against extreme heat is selecting species that are naturally adapted to high-temperature conditions. By choosing heat-tolerant plants, you increase their chances of survival and reduce the need for constant interventions. Some examples of heat-resistant plants include succulents, cacti, ornamental grasses, and certain varieties of herbs like rosemary and thyme. Additionally, native plants are often well-suited to the local climate and can withstand the summer heat more effectively.
2 – Provide Adequate Water
Water is crucial for plants, especially during hot summer days. Proper watering practices play a vital role in preventing dehydration and maintaining overall plant health. The key is to ensure plants receive adequate moisture without overwatering. Water deeply and infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between watering sessions. This encourages plants to develop deeper root systems, which better equip them to withstand heat stress. Consider using drip irrigation or soaker hoses to provide a slow, steady water supply directly to the roots, minimizing evaporation.
3 – Mulch to Retain Moisture
Mulching is an excellent technique to conserve soil moisture and regulate soil temperature, both of which are critical for protecting plants from extreme heat. Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as wood chips, straw, or compost, around the base of plants. Mulch acts as a protective barrier, reducing evaporation and maintaining soil moisture levels. It also helps insulate the roots from the heat and prevents weed growth, which competes with plants for water and nutrients.
4 – Provide Shade
Shading plants from intense sunlight can significantly reduce heat stress. If possible, create shade structures using shade cloth, umbrellas, or even temporary shade sails. Position these structures strategically to protect plants during the hottest parts of the day, usually between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. You can also use existing structures like trees or tall shrubs to provide natural shade. Be mindful of the sunlight requirements of different plant species and ensure that shade doesn’t limit their growth or flowering.
5 – Time Your Watering
When it comes to watering, timing is crucial. Watering in the early morning or late evening allows plants to absorb moisture before the heat of the day kicks in. Avoid watering during the peak heat hours, as much of the water will evaporate before reaching the roots. Additionally, watering in the evening reduces the risk of fungal diseases caused by prolonged moisture on foliage. Aim for a consistent watering schedule to help plants establish a healthy routine.
6 – Protect Leaves and Stems
The leaves and stems of plants are particularly vulnerable to scorching temperatures and intense sunlight. Protect them by using organic sunscreen sprays or by applying a light layer of horticultural oils. These products create a protective barrier, reducing the risk of sunburn and water loss through transpiration. However, it’s important to test these solutions on a small portion of the plant first to ensure they do not cause any adverse reactions.
7 – Enhance Air Circulation
Good air circulation is essential for plants to cool down and exchange gases efficiently. Proper airflow reduces the risk of diseases caused by humid conditions and minimizes heat buildup around the foliage. Avoid overcrowding plants and allow enough space between them for air movement. Prune any dense foliage or branches that may hinder air circulation. Installing fans or using natural breezes can also promote airflow in greenhouses or enclosed spaces.
8 – Monitor Soil Moisture
Regularly monitoring the moisture levels in the soil is crucial for maintaining plant health during the summer heat. Invest in a soil moisture meter or use the finger test: insert your finger into the soil up to the second knuckle; if it feels dry, it’s time to water. Remember, however, not to rely solely on the meter or the finger test. Observe the overall condition of the plants and adjust your watering practices accordingly.
9 – Consider Temporary Shading
In extreme heat situations, when temperatures soar well above normal, consider employing temporary shading techniques. Use shade cloth or specially designed umbrellas to protect vulnerable plants from direct sunlight. This can provide a respite from intense heat until the temperatures return to more moderate levels. However, ensure the temporary shading is properly installed to avoid damaging plants or impeding their growth.
10 – Use Sunshades or Sunscreen for Potted Plants
Potted plants are more susceptible to heat stress due to their restricted root systems. Protect them by placing them in shaded areas or using sunshades specifically designed for pots. These shades help filter out some of the intense sunlight and reduce the risk of overheating. Another option is to apply a layer of sunscreen spray or horticultural oils to the leaves and stems of potted plants. Just like with other plants, make sure to test these products on a small portion of the plant first to ensure compatibility.
11 – Avoid Fertilizing During Heatwaves
While fertilizing is generally beneficial for plant growth, it’s best to avoid applying fertilizers during heatwaves or periods of extreme heat. High temperatures can increase the risk of fertilizer burn, where the salts in the fertilizer can damage plant roots. Instead, focus on maintaining proper watering and overall plant health until the temperatures become more favorable. Once the heatwave passes, resume your regular fertilization routine.
12 – Provide Humidity for Indoor Plants
Indoor plants can also suffer from the effects of extreme heat, especially if they are located near sunny windows or in rooms without adequate air circulation. Boost humidity levels around indoor plants by placing a tray filled with water and pebbles beneath the plant pots. As the water evaporates, it increases the humidity in the immediate vicinity, creating a more favorable microclimate for the plants. Alternatively, you can use a room humidifier to maintain optimal humidity levels.
13 – Insulate Containers
The containers used for potted plants can absorb and retain heat, potentially harming the roots and compromising plant health. To prevent overheating, insulate the containers by wrapping them with materials that reflect sunlight, such as bubble wrap or white fabric. This simple step can significantly reduce the risk of heat damage to the roots and maintain a more stable root temperature.
If you are looking to insulate the containers yourself, I recommend reading This Old House’s Article “How to Install Winter-Proof Planters”. It provides a good how to on insulating/winterize your plant’s containers.
14 – Implement Drought-Tolerant Landscaping Techniques
In regions prone to prolonged periods of heat and limited water availability, implementing drought-tolerant landscaping techniques is crucial. By selecting native and drought-tolerant plants, you can minimize the need for excessive watering and ensure their survival during hot summers. Grouping plants with similar water requirements together and using xeriscaping principles, such as incorporating rocks, gravel, and mulch, can help conserve moisture in the soil and create a more sustainable landscape.
15 – Monitor for Signs of Heat Stress
Despite your best efforts, plants can still show signs of heat stress. It’s important to monitor them closely for any indications of distress. Look for wilting leaves, leaf scorch, yellowing or browning of foliage, or stunted growth. If you notice these symptoms, take immediate action by providing additional shade, adjusting watering practices, or implementing other protective measures. Early intervention can prevent further damage and increase the chances of recovery.
16 – Educate Yourself and Seek Professional Advice
Each plant species has its own specific needs and tolerance levels for heat. Educate yourself about the specific requirements of the plants in your garden or landscape. Understand their optimal temperature ranges, preferred watering schedules, and other care guidelines. Additionally, consult with local horticulturists, garden centers, or experienced gardeners in your area. They can provide valuable insights and tailor advice based on your specific location and plant selection.
Protecting plants from extreme heat in the summer requires a proactive and comprehensive approach. By selecting heat-tolerant plants, providing adequate water, using mulch, creating shade, timing watering sessions, protecting leaves and stems, enhancing air circulation, monitoring soil moisture, and employing additional measures such as temporary shading, sunshades, and insulation, we can ensure the well-being and resilience of our plants. Stay vigilant, observe for signs of heat stress, and adjust.
Recommendation.
One of my personal favorite blog posts at FWEJ is “Year-Round Harvesting Made Easy: Best Crops for Every Season“. Click on the title to check it out.
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